Method for propulsion of ships, boats, and flying-machines



I U s. v. corms. METHOD FOR PROPULSION 0F SHIPS AND FLYING MACHINES.

, BOATS APPLICATION FILED OCT. 15, 1918.

Patented Nov. 23, 1920.

7SHEETS-SHEET I.

WITNESSES A TI'ORNEVS s. v. CORTES.

METHOD FOR PROPULSION OF'SHIPS, BOATS, AND FLYING MACHINES.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 15, 1918- Patented Nov. 23, 1920.

7SHEETSSHEET 3.

INVENTOR WITNESSES Arm/mas S. V. CORTES.

METHOD FOR PROPULSION 0F SHIPS, BOATS, AND FLYING MACHINES.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 15. 1918.

1,360, 182 Pafiented Nov. 23, 1920.

ISHEETS-SHEET 4.

WITNESSES INVENTOI? JQWE fih/asf/o Va/des'Carle A TTOR/VEYS S. V.CORTES.

METHOD FOR PROPULSION 0F SHIPS, BOATS, AND FLYING MACHINES.

APPLICATION FILED OCT. 15, I9I8.

Patented Nov. 23, 1920.

7SHEETSSHEET 5.

A TTOR/VEVS s. v. CORTES.

METHOD FOR PROPULSION 0F SHIPS, BOATS, AND FLYING MACHI NES.

Patented Nov. 23, 1920.

APPLICATION FILED OCT-15,1918.

w/r/vEssm "vi/Ewan By M ATTORNEYS s. v. CORTES.

METHOD FOR PROPULSION 0F SHIPS, BOATS. AND FLYING MACHINES.

0 2. 9 1T E 3 24 m 0% N m m a P m m C 0 D m H N 0 H A C U P P A "VI/ENTOR jam/7'0 Va/da (or/e5 WITNESSES A TTORNEYS UNITED STATES PATENTOFFICE.

SALUSTIO VALDES CORTES, 0F VALPARAISO, CHILE.

METHOD FOR PROPULSION OF SHIPS, BOATS, AND FLYING'MACHIN ES.

Application filed October 15, 1918.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, SALUSTIO VALmis tonriis, a citizen of the Republicof Chile, and a resident of the city of Valparaiso, at lflumher 268Avenida del Brazil, (.hile, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in the Tl lethods for-Propulsion of vShips, Boats, andFlying-Machines, of which the following is a specification.

lily invention relates to propulsion mechanism of the rotating bladeorpaddle wheel type, mounted on a vertical, horizontal or inclined shaft,at the Sl(l@S,l')Ott0n1, bow or stern of a vessel.

Hitherto such propeller wheels provided with two or more blades havebeen arranged to rotate wholly immersed in the medium in which they areemployed, air or water, within an impermeable circular hood or casing,lmown as a paddle box, which covers or screens one half or more of thesurface of revolution described by the edges of the rotating blades. Thehoods or casings were adapted f concentric movement around the paddlewheel in ere to permit a control of the direction of propulsive effort.

The object of my invention. consists essen tially in new and usefulimprovements in e structure of the hood or casin which as in inve tionsis completely sub-- god, and covers approximately one half 2. more ofthe paddle wheel, but which I cons oral sides and with holes or openingsand deflecting plates or vanes in its periphery, whereby I obtain agreater efficiency of proiou than has previously been attained lVlL-l'lsubmerged paddle wheels and boxes, togother with a lifting or sustainingeffort which is especially useful when my system of propulsion ismounted on submarine vesor airships and aeroplanes. Constructed in thismanner, the action of my improved propelling mechanism may be.

said to he a combination of the paddle wheel and the turbine, thuscharacterizing and distinguishing it from all previous inventions.

When it is applied to submarine and air vessels, it has certainimportant advantages which are especially notable in the case of airvessels of the heavier than air type, which require a maximum of liftingor sustaining power: to be communicated from their engines. Theseadvantages may be stated as follows: y

(1) Great lifting power, permitting the Specification of Letters Patent.

root with permeable or perforated la'tjlf atentml Nov. 23, 1920.

Serial No. 258,170.

vesselto rise quickly within a short space or run,

(2) Possibility of varying the velocity of surface in case of accident.

The general arrangement of my mechanism consists as informer inventions,of a paddle wheel. which may be installed in any suitable part of avessel with a vertical, horizontal or inclined shaft, convenientlyconnected to a power source; and a paddle box or casing which coversapproximately one half or more of the paddle wheel, and

which may be fixed to or built in the body or hull ofa vessel orairship, or it can be made movable about its axis by means of anysuitable mechanism with the object of permitting a control of thedirection of the propulsive or lifting effort of the paddle wheelblades.

Permeable casing or paddle Z20ac.-The casing as I have already statedconstitutes the essential feature of my invention. It must beconstructed with permeable lateral sides and with perforations or withopenings and deflecting platesor vanes in its periphery, so that theelement in which the propeller ro tates has free access in and out ofthe holes or openings both inthe sides and periphery.

The deflecting vanes may be fixed or movable.

This new and special form of construe tion of the paddle box has for itsobjects, (1) the reduction to a minimum of the friction losses againstthe insides of the casing, and (2) the utilization of the centrifugalforce of the revolving medium, air or water, confined in the casing byconverting it into propulsive or lifting effort.

Figures 1 and 2 are respectively vertical sectional and side elevationsof one form of the invention.

Figs. 3 and l are respectively side and sectional views of another form.

Fig. 5 is a horizontal section of another modification. v

. form including manual means for adjusting the vanes.

Fig. 14 is a side' elevation of a windmill with my improvement attached.

Figs. 15. and 16 are respectively transverse and longitudinal sectionsof another modification.

. Figs. 17 and 18 are respectively front and longitudinal sections of afurther modification.

Figs. 19 and 20 are respectively side and transverse sectional views ofa further modification.

Figs. 21 and 22 are respectively side and plane views of a still furthermodification.

Figs. 23 and 2% are cross section and side elevation respectively ofmarine vessels equipped with my improvements.

Figs. 25 and'26 are views corresponding to Figs. 23 and 24 respectivelybut showing adifferentarrangement of the propelling devices.

igs. 2'? and 2S correspond respectively to Figs. 23 and 24. butindicating still further variations of the application of myimprovement.

Fig; 29 is a diagram of the side of a submarine body indicating myimprovement arranged to lift the vessel.

Figs. 30 and 31 are respectively a cross section and aside elevation ofa vessel in which'the power devices have their shafts arrangedperpendicular 'to the vertical plane of the vessel.

Figs. 32 and are respectively a plan view and side elevation of anaeroplane having two propellers arranged thereon.

Fig. 345 is a side elevation of a hydroplane with my'improvementthereon.

Figs. and 36 are respectively side and front elevations of a windmillwith my improvement thereon.

is is shown in Fig. 1, which represents a sectional front elevation ofthe paddle 1 and its casing 2, the water or air has free access in andout of the holes 3 in the lateral. sides 4 of the casing. In this waythe friction of the moving mass of water or air on theinside walls 5 ofthe casing is seen to be materially reduced, as itis practically that ofwater against water, or air against air, whereaswith impermeable paddleboxes as'used .in former inventions, the friction losses were ofconsiderable importance.

Fig. 2, represents a side view of a paddle wheel 1 with its casing 2showing the holes or perforations 3 in the lateral sides. and theopenings 9 in the perighery 10. together with the deflecting plates orvanes ll. lt will immediately be seen from Fig. how the centrifugalforce of the revolving medium inside the paddle box is utilized as in aturbine. and converted into lifting and propulsive effort. In fact.thrusts in three main directions are obtained. a lifting thrust A, (2) apropulsive thrust both of which are produced by the rotating blades.while (3) is a combined lifting and propulsive thrust (l which isconverted from the centrifugal force by the impingement and deflectionof the revolving water or air on the vanes 11.

Figs. 3 and 4 represent sides and sectional elevations of one. form ofmy improved system as applied to ship propulsion and which is suitablefor use on submarine vessels. In Fig. 3. the four bladed propeller isshown inside the movable casing 13 which is supported in position by theannular guide 14.

In Fig. 1'. the propeller is shown at 12 inside the casing 13, thisbeing constructed with a boss or hub 15 on which is keyed a worm wheel16 which may be caused to retate by means of the worm 17 in combinationwith a servomotor or any other suitable mechanism. The circular guide llfor the casing is sho vn in section. V

Fig. 5 shows another form of the up plication of my casing when used incombination with a horizontal propeller for ship propulsion. Here thepaddles 21 are shown inside the permeable casing 22 which isheld inposition by means of the stays 2 3- inside a water-tight casing 21-. Theshaft may be directly or otherwise connected with a source of power.perforated cover-plate 26 is used to protect: the space 2. between thewater-tight casing 2-4: and the permeable casing 22. the perforations 28in the cover-plate being necessary to give free access of the water tothe permeable casing.

Figs. 6 and 7 show side and front ele tions of the permeable casingshown at 22 in Fig. 5, wherein the. lateral and peripheral perforationsare shown at 29 and 3() respectively.

Figs. 8 and 9 show side and sectional front elevations of a casing inwhich the openings and vanes of the periphery are constructed in theform of buckets as shown at 31.

In the side view of the using shown at Fig. 10, I have indicated apreferred form of construction making use of slots and deflecting planesor vanes in the lateral sides of the casing, the siee vanes ordeflectors being shown at 32.

Fig. 11 is a front elevation of the casing shown in F ig. 10, in whichthe construction llHl of the peripheral buckets is depicted at 33.

Fig. 12 shows the propelling mechanism 34: as applied to an aeroplane.

Fig. 13 shows one form, of the mechanism which I apply for the purposeofvarying the angle of the deflecting vanes in order to control thecombined lifting and propulsional thrust 0 indicated in Fig. 1 The vanes35 are shown hinged at 36 and are each connected by hinges 37 to thebent rod 38 which may be moved backward Ward by means of the lever 39which is c0ntrolled by the handle l-0 by means of the shaft andscrew-thread 4.1.

Fig. 14: shows the paddle wheel constructed in the form of a flywheel 42with suitable blades or vanes 43. The permeable casing is shown at 414-,the Whole being mounted on a suitable support or framework 45. A weathervane as is provided to maintain the casing at the proper angle to thedirection of the wind.

Fig. 15 represents a cross sectional eleva tion of the paddles 4'?andthe casing 428, the water or air has free access in and out of theholes 49 in the lateral sides of the casing. i

Fig. 16 represents a sectional side view of a paddle wheel 47 with thecasing l8 which envelops a sector of about 243 degrees of the paddlewheel, and showing the holes or perforations l9 in the lateral sides andthe openings in the periphery, together with the deflecting vanes 50. flhe arrows indicate the direction of the rotation of the paddle wheel457' and that of the medium, water or. air, in which the propellerworks. It will immediately be seen from Fig. 16 how the centrifugalforce of the revolving medium inside the paddle-bo2z isutilized as in aturbine, and converted into propulsive effort.-

In fact, thrusts in two main directions are obtained, (1) the thrusts A.B. which are produced directly by the rotating blades in the medium inwhich. they are submerged, and (2) thrust (l which is produced. by thereaction of the centrifugal force by the,

impingement and deflections of the revolving water or air on the vanes50 of the casing". y

Figs. 17 and. 18 represent respectively a cross sectional elevation ofthe paddle and casing, and a side view of the same. In the 17 and 18 thecasing covers a sector of the paddle wheel of about 21.0 degrees. Itwill immediately be seen in Fig. 18 (as in Fig. 16) that the directionof the force A with relation to the forces B. (l, is in this casepractically perpendicular. This disposition of the forces A. B. C. isvery convenient for application to an air vessel, of the heavier thanair type.

In this case the force A would be utilized principally as a lifting orsustaining force, while B. C. can be utilized as the propulsive forcesof the vessel.

and for Figs. 19 and 20 represent respectively a side elevation of acasing and a cross sectional elevation of the same, showing another ofthe forms or arrangements for making the casing movable around its axis,such as We have already seen in Fig. 4; of the specifications. in thecase of l igs. l9 and 20 the casing is moved by means of the gearedwheel 5i iixed to the casing or forming part of it, wh1ch may, berotated by means of the worm or pinion 52 in combination with a handleor any other suitable mechanism.

Figs. 21 and 22 represent respectively a side elevation of the casingand a plan of the same, of another form or arrangement for moving thevanes of the periphery, than that shown in Fig. i3 of thespecifications. In the Figs. 21 and 22 the vanes of the periphery areconstructed with an additional casing or guide piece or hood 62 hingedto the permeable casing at 63. This casing 62 may he moved backward andforward by means of the screwed shaft 65 working in a nut 66 attached tothe permeable casing.

Figs. 21 and 22 show one of the forces or arrangements for moving thelateral vanes or slats55 which are attached to the permeable casing nearthe holes or openings 5? by means of the hinges 56. These slats 55 maybe moved backward and forward by means of the toothed. forked bar orshaft 58 connected with the pinion 59 and the lever 60, or othersuitable mechanism.

Figs. 23 and 2st represent respectively a cross sectional elevation of avessel and a side elevation of the same showing the pe sition of theshaft 68 of the turbine propeller 67 and its motor 69 with relation tothe direction of the movement.

In this case the propellers 67 are dis tributed on both sides of thebottom of the vessel and their shafts work in a position parallel to thevertical plane of the said vessel:

This position of the shafts has the advantage ofgiving the maximum powerfor turn ing or. for giving lateral movement to the vessel.

Figs. 25 and 26 represent respectively a crosssectional elevation of avessel and a side elevation of the same showing the position of theshaft 71 of a turbine propeller 70 and its motor '72 with relation tothe direction of the movement. In this case the propellers '70 aredistributed on both sides of the vessel and their shafts 71 work in aperpendicular position to the vertical plane of the said vessel.

Fig. 27 represents a cross sectional elevation of a vessel showing theposition of the shaft 74. of a turbine propeller '73 and its motor 75with relation to the direction of the movement. In this case thepropellers 73 are distributed on both side of the bilge with relation tothe movement.

of the vessel and the shafts work in an inclined position to thevertical plane of the said vessel.

w- 1 1g. 28 represents 'a cross sectional elevation of a to "pedo and aside elevation of the same and its motor, showing the position of theshaft 76 withrelation to the .peller and movable casing fixed to thehull in a position for producing a lifting movement of the vessel. Inthis case the shaft 78 works in a position perpendicular to the verticalplane of tne said vessel.

30 and 31 represent respectively a ross sectional elevation of a vesseland side elevation of the same showing the position of the shaft withrelation to the direction of the movement. In this case the propellers79 are distributed on both sides of the vessel andtheir shafts 80 workin perpendicular position to the vertical plane of the saidvessel. v

F igsh32 and 33 represent respectively a plan of an aeroplane and a sideelevation of the same with two turbine propellers S2 and 83 coupled toone shaft. 84 of the motor 85 showing the position of the shaft Set Inthis case the two propellers 82 and 83 are installed one'on'each side ofthe aeroplane and their tical plane of the said windmill.

The position of the shaft of the propeller with respect to the vertlcalplane of the vehicle or ship in which it is employed, de-

pends essentially on the class of vessel and the use to which it isdestined. This shalt may be placed to work in any positionpcrpendicular, parallel or inclined to the vertical plane of the ship.iitlce Figs. 25, 26, 23, 2st and 27.

Figs. 3 and i.'lhcsc figures have no other signification than todemonstrate graphically what is understood by movable permeable casing.They show one of the ways in which the permeable casing may he movedaround the axis of the propeller by means of the stuiiing box and ahandle or lever by which the mechanisn'i is adjusted from the interiorof the vessel. The details showing the roller, the flanged rim, andangle irons which fix it to the side of the vessel may be suppressed asthese details have no other object than to indicate, if necessary, how aguide or suitable arrangement may be adapted to the wheel to assist inmaintaining the permeable casing in positien. See Figs. 19 and 20.

Treating of this matter generally l will. say that as the form as wellas the arrangement of the wheel, and also the permeable casing whichcovers it in part. and its attachment to the hull, depend on the purposefor which the propeller is to be applied, to delermine the proper formof this turbine propeller and its installation, it is necessary toconstruct it combining the qualities of the paddle wheel and the turbinein order to obtain the greatest amount possible of the forces developedby the rotation ol the blades in the medium in which they work.

I claim:

1.. In a device of the class set forth, the combination with a frame, apower shaft, and a rotating wheel, comprising blades driven thereby, ofa permeable casing having perforations in its lateral sides andperiphery and enveloping at least one half of said rotating wheel.

2. In a marine vessel, the combination with a power shaft and a rotatingwheel driven thereby, connqrising blades, of :1. permeable casing havingperforations in its lateral sides and periphery and enveloping at leastone half of said rotating wheel, and deflecting vanes cooperating withsaid per lorations in the casing.

SALUSTIO VALUES CORTES.

